The Effect of Aortic Valve Replacement

We retrospectively studied 252 operated and 47 unoperated patients with isolated aortic valve disease. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) was recommended to all patients based on clinical and hemodynamic data. Preoperative hemodynamic and angiographic data were similar in operated and unoperated cohorts. Seventy-one percent of patients received a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis. Operative mortality was 7% for the entire surgical series. For patients with predominant aortic stenosis (AS), survival at 3 years was 87% in operated and 21% in unoperated patients (p < 0.001). For patients with predominant aortic insufficiency (Al), the 5-year survival rate was 86% in operated and 87% in unoperated patients (NS). AVR improved long-term survival in patients with AS who had normal or impaired left ventricular (LV) function. In patients with Al and normal LV function, survival was not improved after AVR, but those with LV dysfunction who were operated on tended to survive longer (NS). Long-term survival of unoperated patients with AI was better than that in unoperated patients with AS. We conclude that AVR improves long-term survival in patients with AS who have normal or abnormal LV function, and that AVR does not change long-term survival in patients with Al, although those with LV dysfunction tended to survive longer.